If a graph had a
motto, it would be 'I swear to tell the whole truth and nothing but
the truth, to help you understand me'. The sad truth is, graphics usually
have the motto 'Wow! Don't I look wonderful! Trust me!'
This is unfortunate
when you consider the promised benefits. Data is visually represented
to summarize information and present it quickly and honestly.
Numbers are a treasure
chest of information, useless, without the proper key. 1, 3, 6, 10,
15, 21, ?... What's next?
If you're no good
with numbers, don't be ashamed, to most people, mathematics is a 4-letter
word. Many have difficulty with puzzles, and they'll go to great lengths
to avoid them.
Spotting a trend
in a series of sales figures is even more demanding than the numbers
above. So why do we acknowledge we're poor at the first type of puzzle,
and think we're experts in the second?
Graphics can help.
If you use a line graph to represent the 6 numbers, you'll practically
'see' 28 without thinking. Pie charts, stacked bar charts or other representations
won't work as well.
Numbers, by themselves,
mean nothing. If my sales last week totaled $10,000, you don't know
whether to congratulate me or start bankruptcy proceedings. Numbers
are representations of the real world, devoid of information until they're
put into context.
What are the attributes
of good graphics? They have no ego. The viewer's attention is drawn
to the meaning of the data and not the beauty of the representation.
Graphics should
be appropriate to the data. Don't use a 'closed' graphic (a pie chart)
to represent time series data (sales by month.) Never imply a relationship
between the data (a line graph) to represent non-related data (sales
by region.)
A graphic should
never mis-represent the data. In plainer words, it should not lie. Stated
yet another way, a 10% increase should LOOK like a 10% increase. (Interesting
assignment ... take a ruler and carefully examine graphs in your favorite
news magazine ... what do all those little 'lies' imply about the media?)
We use graphics
to represent data visually. If the visual representation you choose
distorts the data in any way, throw it out and start over. Unless of
course your desire is to deceive, because that's what the graph will
be doing.
How tall is the
stack of 'data' you receive each morning? What information are you trying
to extract? What's important? And what's just noise? Is there a graphic
to help you understand the data better? Have you sat with someone who
knows graphics, to find such a representation? When you find it, you'll
only need glimpse at it, to know what information your data contains.